====== 搭建本地的软件源镜像服务器 ======

虽然网络越来越发达，但如果本地机器较多的话，专门搭建一台机器作为软件源服务器，供所有机器安装系统和补丁，无论从哪方面看都是一个理想的选择。

本文讲述个人常用的几个系统的镜像方法。

===== slackware =====

[[http://rsync.samba.org|rsync]]应该算是最常用的镜像工具了，有关rsync的使用方法，可查看man pages。下面将通过一个shell脚本，使用rsync实现[[http://www.slackware.com|slackware]]各版本的镜像。

首先设置一个shell变量，指定远程服务器地址：
<code bash>
#!/bin/sh

URL="rsync://rsync.slackware.at/slackware/"
</code>

对于较新的版本，进行全部镜像；而较老的版本，则只下载补丁部分：
<code bash>
# Get a valid version and set EXCLUDE.
case $1 in
10.2|11.0|12.0|12.1|12.2)
	SOURCE="${URL}slackware-$1"
	EXCLUDE="--exclude=bootdisks/ --exclude=extra/ --exclude=isolinux/ \
		--exclude=kernels/ --exclude=pasture/ --exclude=rootdisks/ \
		--exclude=slackware/ --exclude=source/ --exclude=testing/ \
		--exclude=zipslack/ --exclude=usb-and-pxe-installers/"
	;;
13.0|13.1|13.37|current)
	SOURCE="${URL}slackware-$1"
	EXCLUDE=""
	;;
64-13.0|64-13.1|64-13.37|64-current)
	SOURCE="${URL}slackware$1"
	EXCLUDE=""
	;;
*)
	echo "Usage: `basename $0` version"
	echo -e "\tValid:  10.2, 11.0, 12.0, 12.1, 12.2, 13.0, 64-13.0, 13.1, 64-13.1, 13.37, 64-13.37"
	echo -e "\t\tcurrent, 64-current"
	exit 1
	;;
esac
</code>

设置选项：
<code bash>
# Set OPTIONS.
OPTIONS="-avzP --delete"
</code>

指定目标路径：
<code bash>
# Set the destination path where the repository to be stored.
DEST="/pub/ftp/pub/linux/slackware"
</code>

最后运行rsync命令：
<code bash>
# Run rsync.
/usr/bin/rsync $OPTIONS $EXCLUDE $SOURCE $DEST

exit 0
</code>

将此脚本命名为rsync-slackware.sh，假设要镜像current版本，则执行：
<code bash>
./rsync-slackware.sh current
</code>

当然也可将脚本投入到cron服务器里，定时自动运行。

===== CentOS =====

同样使用rsync来实现。这里只镜像[[http://www.centos.org|CentOS]]的6.3和5.8版本，所以就一并完成了，不再需要脚本参数。脚本的实现基本类似，故直接附完整代码：
<code bash|h rsync-centos.sh>
#!/bin/sh

# Choose one site below and un-comment it.
URL="rsync://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/centos"

# Set OPTIONS.
OPTIONS="-avP --delete"

# Set EXCLUDE.
EXCLUDE="--exclude=fasttrack/ --exclude=isos/"

# Set the destination path where the repository to be stored.
DEST="/pub/ftp/pub/linux/centos"

# Run rsync.
# 6(6.3)
/usr/bin/rsync $OPTIONS $EXCLUDE ${URL}/6 $DEST
/usr/bin/rsync $OPTIONS $EXCLUDE ${URL}/6.3 $DEST

# 5(5.8)
/usr/bin/rsync $OPTIONS $EXCLUDE ${URL}/5 $DEST
/usr/bin/rsync $OPTIONS $EXCLUDE ${URL}/5.8 $DEST

exit 0
</code>

===== Fedora =====

[[http://fedoraproject.org|Fedora]]的软件仓库结构略复杂，又不想下载有些内容，为避免脚本过于复杂，故分成三条rysnc命令来实现。以Fedora 17为例：
<code bash|h rsync-fedora.sh>
#!/bin/sh

# Choose one site below and un-comment it.
URL="rsync://mirrors.sohu.com/fedora"

# Set OPTIONS.
OPTIONS="-avP --delete"

# Set the destination path where the repository to be stored.
DEST="/pub/ftp/pub/linux/fedora"

# Run rsync.
# updates/17
EXCLUDE="--exclude=i386/debug/ --exclude=x86_64/debug/"
SUBSRC="updates/17"
SUBDEST="updates"
/usr/bin/rsync $OPTIONS $EXCLUDE ${URL}/${SUBSRC} $DEST/${SUBDEST}

# releases/17/Fedora
EXCLUDE="--exclude=i386/iso/ --exclude=i386/jigdo/ \
	--exclude=x86_64/iso/ --exclude=x86_64/jigdo/ \
	--exclude=source/iso/ --exclude=source/jigdo/"
SUBSRC="releases/17/Fedora"
SUBDEST="releases/17"
/usr/bin/rsync $OPTIONS $EXCLUDE ${URL}/${SUBSRC} $DEST/${SUBDEST}

# releases/17/Everything
EXCLUDE="--exclude=i386/debug/ --exclude=x86_64/debug/"
SUBSRC="releases/17/Everything"
SUBDEST="releases/17"
/usr/bin/rsync $OPTIONS $EXCLUDE ${URL}/${SUBSRC} $DEST/${SUBDEST}

exit 0
</code>

===== Scientific Linux =====

[[http://scientificlinux.org|Scientific Linux]]也是RHEL的一个衍生版。它的仓库将二进制文件与源代码分开，故使用两条rsync命名实现镜像。以6.3为例：
<code bash|h rsync-scientific.sh>
#!/bin/sh

# Choose one site below and un-comment it.
URL="rsync://rsync.scientificlinux.org/scientific"

# Set OPTIONS.
OPTIONS="-avzP --delete"

# Set the destination path where the repository to be stored.
DEST="/pub/ftp/pub/linux/scientific"

# Run rsync.
# 6.3
EXCLUDE="--exclude=i386/iso/ --exclude=x86_64/iso/"
/usr/bin/rsync $OPTIONS $EXCLUDE ${URL}/6.3 $DEST

# 6x
EXCLUDE="--exclude=archive/debuginfo/ --exclude=archive/obsolete/"
/usr/bin/rsync $OPTIONS $EXCLUDE ${URL}/6x $DEST

exit 0
</code>

===== Debian/Ubuntu =====

[[http://www.debian.org|Debian]]和[[http://www.ubuntu.com|Ubuntu]]的软件仓库实在是太大了，而且各个版本的软件都混在一起。个人存储空间有限，无力全部镜像，也不需要所有的版本，故使用一个小巧的工具[[http://apt-mirror.sourceforge.net|apt-mirror]]来实现镜像。由于apt-mirror是用perl实现的，可以运行在多种系统平台上，这也是吸引我的一点。

使用apt-mirror需要一个配置文件，形式与sources.list很相似。下面的例子用来镜像Debian squeeze和Ubuntu precise，同时包括i386和amd64架构，为了支持网络安装，也增加了installer的镜像：
<code |h apt-mirror.list>
############# config ##################
#
set base_path    /pub/ftp/pub/linux/apt-mirror
#
# if you change the base path you must create the directories below with write privileges
#
# set mirror_path  $base_path/mirror
# set skel_path    $base_path/skel
# set var_path     $base_path/var
# set cleanscript $var_path/clean.sh
set defaultarch amd64
set nthreads     4
set _tilde 0
#
############# end config ##############

#
# Debian squeeze
#
deb-i386 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ squeeze main contrib non-free
deb-i386 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ squeeze main/debian-installer
deb-amd64 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ squeeze main contrib non-free
deb-amd64 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ squeeze main/debian-installer
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ squeeze main contrib non-free

deb-i386 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ squeeze/updates main contrib non-free
deb-amd64 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ squeeze/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ squeeze/updates main contrib non-free

deb-i386 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ squeeze-updates main contrib non-free
deb-amd64 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ squeeze-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ squeeze-updates main contrib non-free


#
# Ubuntu precise
#
deb-i386 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb-i386 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main/debian-installer restricted/debian-installer universe/debian-installer multiverse/debian-installer
deb-amd64 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb-amd64 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main/debian-installer restricted/debian-installer universe/debian-installer multiverse/debian-installer
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse

deb-i386 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
#deb-i386 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main/debian-installer universe/debian-installer
deb-amd64 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
#deb-amd64 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main/debian-installer universe/debian-installer
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb-i386 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
#deb-i386 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main/debian-installer universe/debian-installer
deb-amd64 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
#deb-amd64 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main/debian-installer universe/debian-installer
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb-i386 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-amd64 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse


#
# clean section
#
clean http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian
clean http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security
clean http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu
</code>

运行：
<code bash>
./apt-mirror apt-mirror.list
</code>

===== 网络发布 =====

软件仓库制作好后，就可以通过NFS/HTTP/FTP等网络服务发布，供其他机器使用了。有关服务的搭建，可参阅：

[[..:net:httpd | HTTP服务器的安装和配置]]

[[..:net:ftpd | FTP服务器的安装和配置]]



{{tag>Rsync}}